Main topic: pg. 105-109: The Exchange between Steeply and Marathe (of which I have still not decided how to pronounce…?)
So other than the outrageous and ridiculous circumstances in which we find our two characters (prosthetic breasts askew and all) there’s this brilliant exchange. Although I have still yet to figure out who is on whom’s side, and for what “greater cause” each is attaching himself to; Wallace tackles or at least provokes the debate of fanaticism, patriotism, and loyalty.
Steeply references another agent and his associations with a political figure named Luria. He says that the love between them is, “the sort the gets sung about, the kind people die for and then get immortalized in song.” He continues referencing several historical and tragic couples to prove his point. (This is one of the things I love about Wallace. You can tell the guy is just smart. Apparently he won an Outstanding University Researcher award while a professor at Illinois State (where is started writing
Infinite Jest).)
That dialogue progresses, identifying the origin of the word,
fanatic. Latin for
temple or
worshipper at a temple. Marathe continues, “Are we not all of us fanatics? … Choose your temple of fanaticism with great care. What you wish to sing of as tragic love is an attachment not carefully chosen. Die for one person? That is craziness. Persons change, leave, die, become ill. They leave, lie, go mad, have sickness, betray you, die. Your nation outlives you. A cause outlives you.” Because I am not sure which characters to “root’ for (which is probably Wallace’s point) it is tricky deciding what exactly he feels about the topic, although I did stumble upon an article Wallace wrote for
Rolling Stone magazine in 2000 where he chummied it up with John McCain for 7 days. The article is called
The Weasel, Twelve Monkeys And The Shrub. It is pretty long (surprise) but the first 2-ish pages make the connection I’m getting at, which shed some light perhaps on what Wallace thinks is a good thing. After recounting McCain’s Vietnam story he says this,
“But, see, we do know how this man reacted. That he chose to spend four more years there, in a dark box, alone, tapping code on the walls to the others, rather than violate a Code. Maybe he was nuts. But the point is that with McCain it feels like we know, for a proven fact, that he's capable of devotion to something other, more, than his own self-interest.”
Marathe says, it enlarges the heart. Something bigger than the self. Steeply counters with a question, “What if sometimes there is no choice about what to love?” And Marathe states,
“Then in such a case your temple is self and sentiment. Then in such an instance you are a fanatic of desire, a slave to your individual subjective narrow self’s sentiments; a citizen of nothing. You are by yourself and alone, kneeling to yourself. In a case such as this, you become the slave who believes he is free. The most pathetic of bondage. Not tragic. No songs. You believe you would die twice for another but in truth would die only for your alone self, its sentiment.”
I haven't decided quite how I resolve this with the philosophies of Ayn Rand. She argues, in a sense, that devotion to self is the only virtuous way to live. Selfishness is the heroic act. In
The Fountainhead, the protagonist Howard Roark is great because of his unfailing devotion to himself, his creativity, his ideals - at the expense of all else. Roark does have a love affair with Dominque, but it is secondary to the act of self devotion, or Rand's idea of true integrity. Roark tells Dominique that their love would destroy her until she was individually complete. Ayn Rand attributes the possibility to this kind of life to the institution of Capitalism.
"Now observe the results of a society built on the principle of individualism. This, our country. The noblest country in the history of men. The country of greatest achievement, greatest prosperity, greatest freedom. This country was not based on selfless service, sacrifice, renunciation or any precept of altruism. It was based on a man's right to the pursuit of happiness. His own happiness. Not anyone else's. A private, personal, selfish motive. Look at the results. Look into your own conscience."
Rand praises the fundamental principle upon which the country was built, but were not those men dedicated to a cause of vision greater than the self? Maybe our forefathers are part of those that Marathe speaks. Maybe this seeming paradox in fact finds Wallace and Rand on the same side? Perhaps the problem is that Marathe sees love for another human being as perpetually selfish and is unable to view the possibility that the love for one other can in fact not be a self-serving desire. All this is interestingly placed in the back story of Marathe acting as a double-or-triple agent for medical supplies for his ill wife. Ironic.
It seems funny how a topic keeps turning up in different places. I just watched
Traitor with Don Cheadle (highly recommended). It addresses our allegiances. How are we motivated? What is our justification for our actions? In even greater complexity, how can the same motivation lead us to act is grossly opposite ways? It is also for the sake of our 'temples' man can be manipulated. Coercion by force or fear for a loved one. In
Traitor, Islamic terrorism and jihad is evil men manipulating those of true devotion to Allah for their faith.
I briefly studied Italian history, emphasizing the Machiavellian influence. (Machiavelli is a genius of human nature.) From
The Prince, Machiavelli discusses whether it is best to be loved or feared in ruling a country, or in any leadership position. He writes, “The answer is of course, that it would be best to be both loved and feared. But since the two rarely come together, anyone compelled to choose will find greater security in being feared than in being loved.” Man is driven by emotion to a certain point, but fear initiates the primal behavior of self-preservation, even at the risk of breaking the obligations of love. Now we may not all agree with Machiavelli; but this is the principle behind torture - fear. Many have survived. Wallace argues McCain to be one of them. The principle of terrorism is the same, create in a nation enough fear that you manipulate their actions.
Marathe also asks this question:
“Who teaches your U.S.A children how to choose their temple?”
I've had a few discussions recently about the effect of social values, and socially accepted behaviors and beliefs on children. It seems fairly accepted, especially in certain demographics that values are taught in the home. In all fairness though, social values of different generations are evident in all demographics. It is impossible for me to ignore that society teaches kids a heck of a lot more than we might like; therefore, who teaches your children? Public schools, TV, government? All of which are semi-frightening options currently. How is it that we instill goodness in our children; gratitude, patriotism, rightful pride and dignity? What do we teach them is worth loving, or in all fairness, what love is? What do we teach is worth dying for without thinking twice? Or even still, how do we discover that 'temple' for ourselves?